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Biscuit (pottery)
''Biscuit'',〔“The Fast Firing Of Biscuit Earthenware Hollow-Ware In a Single-Layer Tunnel Kiln.” Salt D.L. Holmes W.H RP737. ''Ceram Research''.〕〔“New And Latest Biscuit Firing Technology”. Porzellanfabriken Christian Seltmann GmbH. ''Ceram.Forum Int.''/Ber.DKG 87,No.1/2, p.E33-E34,E36. 2010〕〔“Investigation Into Bloating Behaviour Of Bone China Body During Biscuit Firing.” A. Kara. ''Euro Ceramics VIII Pt.2 Trans Tech Publications'', Switzerland, pg.1717-1720, 2004〕〔“Interactions Between A Leadless Glaze And A Biscuit Fired Bone China Body During Glost Firing. Pt.3. Effect Of Glassy Matrix Phase.” A.Kara, R.Stevens. ''J.Eur.Ceram.Soc.'' 23, No.10, 2003, pg.1617-1628〕〔“Moisture Expansion Of Porous Biscuit Bodies - Reason Of Glaze Cracking.” B.Plesingerova, M.Klapac, M.Kovalcikova. ''Ceramics-Silikaty'' 46,No.4. pg.159-165. 2002.〕〔Modern Ceramic Practice. W.L.German. ''Maclaren & Sons.'' 1964〕 refers to pottery that has been fired but not yet glazed. Biscuit is any pottery after the first firing and before any glaze is applied. This can be a final product such as bisque porcelain, or terracotta, or, most commonly, an intermediary stage in a glazed final product.
The porous nature of biscuit earthenware means that it readily absorbs water, while vitreous ware and bone china are almost non-porous even without glazing.〔Dictionary Of Ceramics. Arthur Dodd & David Murfin. 3rd edition. ''The Institute Of Minerals.'' 1994.〕 The temperature of biscuit firing is usually at least 1000°C, although higher temperatures are common.〔Whitewares: Production, Testing And Quality Control. W.Ryan & C.Radford. ''Pergamon Press / Institute Of Ceramics'', 1987.〕 The firing of the ware that results in the biscuit article causes permanent chemical and physical changes to occur. These result in a much harder and more resilient article which can still be porous, and this can ease the application of glazes.
==References==
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